Atholus duodecimstriatus quatuordecimstriatus (Gyllenhal, 1808)
Hister quatuordecimstriatus Gyllenhal, 1808, 83.
Hister quatuordecimstriatus Gyllenhal, 1808, 83 [Sweden]; Marseul, 1854, 248, t. 9, f. 56 [3e groupe]; 1873, 220 [Nangasaki (Kyushu)]; Lewis, 1874, 174 [Japan, common in all the Is.].
Hister duodecimstriatus var. quatuordecimstriatus: Schmidt, 1885, 295 [VIII Gruppe].
Hister (Atholus) duodecimstriatus var. quatuordecimstriatus: Auzat, 1924, 95; Bickhardt, 1917, 193 [catalogued].
Hister (Atholus) duodecimstriatus var. quattuordecimstriatus [sic]: Bickhardt, 1910, 193 [catalogued].
Hister (Atholus) duodecimstriatus: Kamiya & Takagi, 1938, 31 [listed].
Hister quinquestriatus Motschulsky, 1860, 13, synonymized by Lewis, 1895, 188.
Hister (Atholus) quinquestriatus: Nakane, 1951, 1040.
Atholus (Euatholus) duodecimstriatus quatuordecimstriatus: Kryzhanovskij & Reichardt, 1976, 338; Hisamatsu & Kusui, 1984, 17 [key; noted]; Hisamatsu, 1985, 228, pl. 41, f. 20 [key; noted; photo].
Atholus duodecimstriatus quatuordecimstriatus: Mazur, 1984, 213 [catalogued].
Atholus duodecimstriatus quinquestriatus: Therond, 1962, 65; Nakane, 1981, 10 [listed].
Atholus duodecimstriatus var. beta: Paykull, 1811, 37, synonymized by Gyllenhal, 1827, 263.
Atholus quinquestriatus: Lewis, 1906, 402.
Atholus duodecimstriatus var. quatuordecimstriatus: Baude a Selve, 1864, 232.
Athlus quatuordecimstriatus: Thomson, 1862, 230.
Hister bimaculatus var. quattuordecimstriatus [sic]: Auzat, 1925, 65.
Atholus duodecimstriatus quatordecimstriatus: Ôhara, 1993, 135; 1994, 137.
Hister (Atholus) duodecimstriatus: Miwa, 1931, 57 [Taipei]; Kamiya and Takagi, 1938, 31.
Atholus duodecimstriatus quatuordecimstriatus: Lewis, 1915, 55 [Taipin]; Ohara, 1993, 135; 1994, 137; Ohara, 1999: 32.
Atholus (Euatholus) duodecimstriatus quatuordecimstriatus: ESK & KSAE, 1994, 137 [Korea].
Ohara (1993)
Description. Male and female. Body length, PPL: male, 3.81 - 4.86 mm, female, 4.28 -5.00 mm, PEL: male, 3.33 - 3.90 mm, female, 3.62 - 4.14 mm. Width: male, 2.81 - 3.38 mm, female, 3.00 - 3.47 mm. Biometric data are given in Table 4. Body oblong-oval and black; tibiae, tarsi and antennae rufo-piceous.
Frontal stria of head (Fig. 10 A) deeply and broadly impressed, complete, feebly and inwardly arcuate at middle. Disk shallowly, evenly and finely punctate, the punctures separated from one another by twice their diameter.
Marginal pronotal stria abbreviated on basal half laterally, and broadly interrupted behind head. Lateral pronotal (Fig. 10 B) stria complete and densely crenate; disk evenly clothed with fine punctures which are separated by about twice their diameter, the punctures becoming sparser laterally; area within the anterior angles of lateral stria densely covered with coarse punctures which are separated by one to two times their diameter; ante-scutellar area with a short longitudinal puncture.
Epipleural fossette with alutaceous ground sculpture and sparsely with coarse punctures. Marginal epipleural stria absent. Marginal elytral stria complete and carinate, the basal portion deeply impressed. External subhumeral stria absent (Fig. 10 B). Internal subhumeral stria present medially, the basal end a little before the middle of elytron and the apical end at apical fourth. Oblique humeral stria represented in basal half. Dorsal striae coarsely and sparsely crenate, 1st -5th and sutural striae complete, the basal ends of 5th and sutural usually united in an arc; sometimes sutural stria reduced to basal half. Disk of elytra with coriaceous ground sculpture.
Pygidia with alutaceous ground sculpture. Propygidium (Fig. 9 D) sparsely covered with coarse and round punctures on basal half, which are separated by one to four times their diameter, the punctures becoming sparser apically on apical half; interspace among the coarse ones sparsely clothed with fine punctures which are separated by four to five times their diameter. Punctation of pygidium (Fig. 9 I) similar to that of propygidium, but the coarse one is much smaller and the both punctures denser than on propygidium, the punctures becoming finer and denser toward apex.
Anterior margin of prosternal lobe (Fig. 10 C) round; marginal stria complete and deeply impressed; disk sparsely and coarsely punctate, the punctures separated by one to three times their diameter; interspace among the coarse ones with alutaceous ground sculpture. Prosternal keel narrow; carinal stria wanting; lateral stria deeply and broadly impressed and complete.
Anterior margin of mesosternum (Fig. 10 D) regularly and outwardly arcuate, its marginal stria complete and densely crenate; a short stria present behind antero-lateral angles; disk sparsely and finely punctate, the punctures separated by five to seven times their diameter. Meso-metasternal suture clearly impressed and angulate at middle. Punctation of intercoxal disk of metasternum similar to that of mesosternum. Lateral metasternal stria extending obliquely and posteriorly, and usually not united with the oblique stria which extends inwardly from the middle of metasterno-metepisternal suture (sometimes united). Lateral disk of metasternum densely covered with large, shallow, deep and round punctures and without hair. Post-mesocoxal stria extending posteriorly and strongly curved along the posterior margin of mesocoxa, and attaining to middle of metasterno-mesepimeral suture.
Punctation of intercoxal disk of 1st abdominal sternum (Fig. 10 D) similar to that of metasternum; lateral stria nearly complete, the apical end shortly reduced.
Protibia (Fig. 10 E & F) with 4 large denticles on outer margin, two of them being on the antro-lateral angle (tooth); 3 small denticles on apical margin. Ventral surface of protibia with 3 small denticles along outer margin. Profemoral stria (Fig. 10 G) deeply impressed and nearly complete, shortly reduced basally, the median portion broadly distant from posterior margin of profemur.
Male genitalia: subspecies quatuordecimstriatus (Figs. 11 A - F).
Female genitalia: Fig. 11 G.
Remarks. This species is very common in Japan, and has been found under pig and cow dung and decaying vegetable matter. This species is similar to Atholus depistor (see under A. depistor).
Subspecies duodecimstriatus is distributied in Europe (lowland), North Africa, Crimea, and Afghanistan, and is distinguished from subspecies quatuordecimstriatus by the absence of subhumeral stria on elytra. No differences have been found in the male genitalia of these subspecies, except for the shape of the apical part of spicules (Figs. 11 E & I). Male genitalia as shown in Figs. 11 H & I.
Specimens examined of subsp. duodecimstriatus. 10 exs.
[Europe] <France> 4 exs., Dorodogne, Savignac-ledrier, 3-IX-1985, M. Secq leg. <Germany> 1 ex., NSG, Schildow, Berlin - Pankow, 19-IV-1981, M. Schülke leg. <Czechoslovakia> 2 exs., Bohemia, Cherveny, Cherveny ujezd, 15-VIII-1986, S. Becvar leg. <Ukraina> 3 exs., Crimea, 15 km E., Bakhchisaray, 29-VII-1987, S. Saluk leg.
Table 1. Biometric data for Atholus duodecimstriatus quatuordecimstriatus (Gyllenhal).
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Part measured Male Female
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APW 1.14-1.36 (1.23+0.01) 20 1.19-1.40 (1.29+0.01) 20
PPW 2.52-2.95 (2.72+0.03) 20 2.62-3.09 (2.86+0.03) 20
PL 1.09-1.38 (1.25+0.02) 20 1.21-1.48 (1.35+0.02) 20
EL 1.86-2.28 (2.08+0.02) 20 2.05-2.33 (2.22+0.02) 20
EW 2.81-3.38 (3.04+0.04) 20 3.00-3.47 (3.23+0.03) 20
ProW 1.62-1.90 (1.78+0.02) 20 1.67-2.05 (1.88+0.02) 20
ProL 0.67-0.86 (0.76+0.02) 20 0.67-0.88 (0.77+0.01) 20
PyL 0.79-1.00 (0.89+0.01) 20 0.83-1.02 (0.94+0.01) 20
PTL 0.86-1.05 (0.95+0.01) 20 0.90-1.12 (0.99+0.01) 20
MSTL 0.76-1.00 (0.87+0.01) 20 0.81-1.05 (0.90+0.01) 20
MTTL 0.95-1.19 (1.09+0.02) 20 1.05-1.24 (1.15+0.01) 20
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Specimens examined. 20ÅâÅâ, 20ÅäÅäand 289 exs.
[Hokkaido] 1 ex., Okushibetsu, Kamikawa, Teshio, 13-VII-1948, T. Hasegawa leg.; 1 ex., Teshio, 11, 14-VII-1931, K. Igarashi leg. (EIHU); 3 exs., Maruseppu, 7-VIII-1987, M. Ôhara leg.; 1 ex., Kamihoro, Kushiro, 31-V-1947, K. Kozima leg.; 3 exs., Ashoro, 7-VII-1990, M. Ôhara leg.; 8ÅâÅâ, 6ÅäÅä, 21 exs., Shimizu, Taisetsu, 28-VII-1985, M. Ôhara leg.; 1 ex., Toyohara, Kamikawa, 22-V-1975, N. Yasuda leg.; 3 exs., Memuro, 24-VI-1986, M. Ôhara leg.; 5 exs., Kamishihoro, 7-VII-1990, M. Ôhara leg.; 4 exs., Obihiro, 23-VI-1991, M. Ôhara leg.; 13 exs., Hakkenzan, Sapporo, 20-VI, 13-VII-1985, M. Ôhara leg.; 29 exs., Toyotaki, 10-V, 3, 18, 28-VI-1987, M. Ôhara leg.; 2 exs., ditto, 20-V-1990, S. Shiyake leg.; 5ÅâÅâ, 4ÅäÅä, 25 exs., Jôzankei, 29-VI, 27-VIII, 14-IX-1985, 14-VII-1986, 16-VII-1988, 18-VI-1990, M. Ôhara leg.; 2ÅâÅâ, 5ÅäÅä, 16 exs., Sapporo, 7, 14-VI, 10-VII, 9-VIII-1985, M. Ôhara leg.; 3 exs., Kitaku, Sapporo, 7-VI-1987, M. Suwa leg.; 1 ex., Shinkawa, Sapporo, 20-IV-1973, S. Kudô leg.; 1 ex., Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, 20-VII-1985, M. Ôhara leg.; 1 ex., Zenibako, Otaru, 19-VI-1979, N. Nishikawa leg.; 1 ex., ditto, 24-VI-1954, T. Kumata leg. (EIHU); 2 exs., Asari, Otaru, 25-VI, 7-VIII-1978, T. Fujisawa leg. (EIHU); 3 exs., Bibi, 28-VI-1987, M. Ôhara leg.; 1Åâ, 1 ex., Iwanai, 9, 10-VII-1990, M. Ôhara leg.; 13 exs., Kuromatsunai, 8-VIII-1988, M. Ohara leg.; 12 exs., Mt. Kariba, Shimamaki, 6, 8-VIII-1988, M. Ohara, T. Tanabe et K. Sayama leg.; 3 exs., Kitahiyama, 28-V-1988, M. Ôhara leg.; 7 exs., Akaigawa, Ônuma, 13-VII-1990, M. Ôhara leg.; 3 exs., Hakodate, 1-VIII-1942, no collector's name (NSMT); 1 ex. ditto, 15-VII-1952, K. Homma leg. (EIHU). <Okushiri Is.> 1Åä, Aonae, 28-VI-1986, Y. Kusui leg.
[Honshu] <Aomori-ken> 2 exs., Oma, 12-V-1987, H. Saito leg.; 1 ex., Towada, 3-VIII-1954, A. Abe leg. (NA). <Yamagata-ken> 2 exs., Sakata, 1-VIII-1947, T. Nakane leg. (NA); 1 ex., Dewa, Sakata, 19-VII-1949, K. Shirahata leg. (NA); 1 ex., Yonezawa, 3-V-1944, A. Suzuki leg. (NSMT). <Fukushima-ken> 1 ex., Aizu, no date, K. Nagayama leg. (NA); 1 ex., Kokidaira, Takedate, Minami-aizu, 17-VII-1948, K. Shimoyama leg. (NA); 1 ex., Wakamatsu, 13-IV-1946, K.Nagayama leg. (NA); 1 ex., ditto (NSMT); 2 exs., Tsuirunuma, Arai, Wakamatsu, 26-IV-1947, M. Watanabe leg. (NA); 1 ex., Yugawa, Wakamatsu, 28-III-1949, Y. Kurosawa leg. (NA); 1 ex., Odayama, Monden, Kita-aizu, 29-IV-1948, K. Nagayama leg. (NA); 1 ex., Oyama, Monden, Kita-aizu, 21-V-1949, Y. Kurosawa leg. (NSMT). <Saitama-ken> 1 ex., Urawa, 10-V-1953, H. Kajimura leg. (NA). <Tokyo-to> 1 ex., Tokyo, V-1913, F. Muir leg. (BSM); 1 ex., Aoyama, 25-V-1968, T. Nakane leg. (NA); 1Åâ, 3 exs., Nôkô Univ., Fuchû, 11-VI-1968, M. Ishida leg.; 1 ex., Takaosan, 23-IV-1969, H. Takizawa leg.; 1 ex., Ueno, 2-II-1959, K. Suga leg. (NSMT); 1 ex., Maruko-tamagawa, 11, 12-V-1952, Y. Kurosawa leg. (NSMT); 1 ex., Ogikubo, 6-IV-1935, S. Yamamoto leg. (NSMT); 1 ex., Nakano, 9-V-1921, no collector's name. (NSMT). <Kanagawa-ken> 1 ex., Sagamihara, 22-III-1990, H. Takizawa leg.; 1 ex., Hatano, 22-V-1989, H. Takizawa leg. <Yamanashi-ken> 3 exs., Masutomi, 3-V-1980, M. Ôhara leg. <Niigata-ken> 1Åâ, Kurokawa, Echigo, 21-XI-1960, K. Baba leg. <Nagano-ken> 1 ex., Kamikochi, 21, 28-VII-1947, S. Ôsawa leg. (NA); 1 ex., Noziri, 7-VII-1941, T. Nakane leg. (NA); 9 exs., Sanjirô, Utsugushigahara, 20, 21-VI-1990, S. Shiyake leg. <Gifu-ken> 6 exs., Ogaki, Mino, 21-IV-1946, 13-IV-1947, Y. Moriya leg. <Shizuoka-ken> 1 ex., Ryûsô-zan, 1-X-2599(=1939), Y. Saitô leg. (BSM); 1 ex., Shizuoka-ken, 24-VIII-1912, N. Takabayashi leg. (EIHU). <Aichi-ken> 16 exs., Shikatsu-mura, Owari, 14-VIII-1945, 4, 12, 27-IV-1946, 14-IV-1947, S. Ôsawa leg. (NA); 1Åä, Nagoya, 11-VIII-1947, S. Tabuchi leg. (NA); 1 ex., ditto, 27-IV-1935, H. Hattori leg. (NA); 1Åä, 14 exs., Higashiyama, Nagoya, VI-1948, S. Ôsawa leg. (NA); 1 ex., ditto, VI-1947, T. Nakane leg. (NA); 1 ex., Mizuho, 3-VIII-1947, S. Tabuchi leg. (NA); 1 ex., Obata, Owari, 15-VI-1941, S. Ôsawa leg. (NA); 1 ex., Ryûzen, X-1943, S. Ôsawa leg. (NA). <Fukui-ken> 3 exs, Inumi, Ôi-gun, 2-VI-1987, T. Itô leg. <Kyoto-fu> 2 exs., Kitashirakawa, 5-V-1942, K. Sakaguchi leg. (NA); 1 ex., ditto, 1-VI-1954, T. Nakane leg. (NA). <Osaka-fu> 1Åä, 1 ex., Nishinariku, 12-VI-1945, K. Sawada leg. (NA); 1 ex., Mikawa-horaiji, 21 & 23-V-1947, T. Nakane leg. (NA). <Hyôgo-ken> 1 ex., Uchida-hama, 8-III-1942, K. Sakaguchi leg. (NA); 1 ex., Higashiyuyama-mura, 11-II-1936, K. Sakaguchi leg. (NA); 1 ex., Mt. Rokkô, 1-VI-1947, N. Yato leg. (NA); 1 ex., Taizan-ji, Nishi-ku, Kôbe, 5-V-1987, T. Itô leg. <Okayama-ken> 1 ex., Komizue, Kurashiki, 21-VII-1975, T. Aono leg. (NA).
[Kyushu] <Fukuoka-ken> 1Åâ, Mt. Tachibana, 1-VII-1984, S. Nomura leg.; 1 ex., ditto, 29-IV-1978, H. Makihara leg.; 1 ex., Mt. Adachi, 19-IX-1962, S. Nakao leg. (NA). <Kumamoto-ken> 1 ex., Ue-mura, Kuma-gun, 20-IV-1986, E. Matsui leg. <Kagoshima-ken> 1Åâ, Iriki, 20-V-1984, M. Ôhara leg.
[Izu Isls.] <Hachijô Is.> 1 ex., Hachijô-jima, 7-VIII-1948, K. Umeya leg. (EIHU).
[Nansei Isls.] <Miyako Is.> 1Åä, Nobarukoshi, 30-III-1983, K. Wada leg.
[Kuril Isls.] <Shikotan Is.> 1 ex., Shakotan, 23 & 27-VI-1935, Y. Sugihara leg. (EIHU).
[Continental China] 1 ex., Dashiqiao, Yingkou, Lianing, 26-VI-1988, J. Li leg.; 1 ex., Kaigen, Manchoukuo, 5-V-1938, I. Okada leg. (EIHU).
[Europe] <Bulgaria> 2 exs., Stara plania, Dolao, Sachrane, 4-V-1985, Warse leg. <Sweden> 1 ex., Göteborg, 23-V-1987, J. Lindquest leg.
Ohara (1993b)
Specimens examined. x exs., Kushiro Zoo, collected from animal dung; x exs., Shimohoro, collected from breeding fox and mink dung.
Korea: Gyeonggi-do: Suweon (= Suwon), 7/v/1964 (1 ex., J.-C. Paik).
Japan: [Hokkaido] Proper: Sarabetsu, Obihiro (3 exs., 11/vi/1992), M. Ohara; Shukushi-takara-gawa, Akan (3 exs., 26/vi/1997, IJ), K. Ijima; Kitamoshiri (7 exs., 24/vii/1989), M. Ohara; Syouei, Memuro, (1 ex., 14/v/1994, KIT), K. Ito; Betsutoga, Nemuro, (1 ex., 14/vi/1995, KIT), K. Ito; Naga-numa, Shika-numa, Atsuma (2 exs., 12/vi/1994, from decaying vegitable), M. Ohara; Akaigawa (2 exs., 7/v/1991, collected form cow dung), M. Ohara; Igarashi, Kuromatsunai (3 exs., 19/vi/1996, SA), K. Sasaki.
[Honshu] Aomori-ken: Hiraka-machi (1 ex., 5/iv/1973, APM), A. Satoh; Mt. Yasuteyama, Hiraka-machi (1 ex., 2/vii/1972; 1 ex., 8/vii/1973; APM), A. Satoh; (1 ex., 26/v/1974, APM), S. Satoh; Araya, Hiraka-machi (1 ex., 22/vi/1972, APM), A. Satoh; Okonoki, Kuroishi-shi (1 ex., 15/i/1972, under a stone in river-side, APM), A. Satoh. Akita-ken: Taihei-zan (1 ex., 25/vii/1969, IMA), M. Fujioka. Kanagawa-ken: Hisagi, Zushi (2 exs., 31/iii/1963, YCM), T. Hamaguchi; Sengenyama, Yokosuka (1 ex., 2/iv/1963, YCM), T. Hamaguchi; Jûsan-tôge, Nagaura, Yokosuka (1 ex., 2/iv/1963, YCM), T. Hamaguchi; Nagasawa, Yokosuka (1 ex., 20/v/1987, YCM), I. Kawashima. Izu Isles: Ôchi-ike, west side, Miyake-jima (1 ex., 18/vii/1975), J. Okuma. Osaka-fu: River-bed of Yodogawa (1 ex., 12/vii/1939), K. Kurosa. Hyogo-ken: Motoyama-mura, near Kobe (2 exs., 20/iii/1940), K. Kurosa; Tottori-ken: Mt. Daisen (3 exs., 8/vi/1991), S. Shiyake.
Specimens examined (Ohara, 1999b).
Taiwan: [Proper] Nantou Hsien: Yu Shin (alt. 1,900 m) (1 female, 4/vii/1986), K. Baba.
Remarks. In the Taiwanese material, the 5th dorsal elytral stria
is present on the apical half and the sutural stria on the apical two-thirds.