Dendrophilus xavieri

Dendrophilus (Dendrophilus) xavieri Marseul, 1873

Dendrophilus xavieri Marseul, 1873: 221, 226 [Japan]; Jakobson, 1911: 647; Hinton, 1945: 317, 333 [genitalia]; Hisamatsu, 1985: 224, pl. 40, no. 23.

Dendrophilus (Dendrophilus) xavieri: Kryzhanovskij and Reichardt, 1976: 256; Mazur, 1984: 115.

Dendrophilus californicus: Ross, 1937: 68, synonymized by Hatch, 1962: 268.

Dendrophilus sexstriatus Hatch, 1938: 18, synonymized by Hinton, 1945: 334.

Dendrophilus punctatus: Ross, 1940: 107, synonymized by Hatch, 1962: 268.

Dendrophilus punctatus var. sexstriatus: Hatch and McGrath, 1941: 55.

Japanese name: Ô-mame-emma-mushi.

Dendrophilus (Dendrophilus) xavieri: Ôhara, 1994, 149.

Original description. "Long. 2.5/10 à 3.5/10 mill.; larg. 2 à 2.5/10 mill. Ressemble beaucoup à notre punctulatus, mais doit être distinct, car les stries dorsales des élytres sont plus enfoncées et nettement tracées, complètes, sans excepter même les internes, tandis qu'elles sont beaucoup plus superficielles, les 3-4 raccourcies par derrière, 5e et suturale nulles dans celui-ci, qui a la ponctuation bien plus forte, plus égale, ainsi que les interstries; dans l'espèce du Japon, la partie antérieure du dos est presque lisse et à peine pointillée, le 2e interstrie est plus étroit que ses voisins et marqué dans sa première moitié d'une ou deux rangées irrégulières seulement de points fins. Ces caractères differentiels se retrouvent dans tous les exemplaires que j'ai sous les yeux. De plus, dans l'un le prosternum est élargi et ses stries marginales sont un peu divergentes a la base, ce qui n'a pas lieu dans l'autre.

Serait-ce le sulcatus Mots.? La courte descreption de l'auteur ne s'y oppose pas; mais il dit que celui-ci est bien plus petit que le punctulatus, tandis que le Xavieri est au moins aussi grand que les plus grands de notr espèce, qui, toutefois, est très-variable sous ce rapport.

Japon, au pied des vieux arbres, souvent avec une Fourmi noire."

Redescription (Ohara, 1994).

Male and female. Body length, PPL, 2.78 - 3.30 mm (3.01 ± 0.03, n=20), PEL, 2.62 - 2.98 mm (2.78 ± 0.03, n=20). Width, 1.93 - 2.26 mm (2.09 ± 0.02, n=20). Biometric data are given in Table 23. Body oblong, oval. Cuticle black and shining; tarsi and antennae dark rufopiceous.

Head (Fig. 78C) even, densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures being separated by their own diameter to twice the diameter; other punctures fine, intermingled with the coarse ones, sparser medially; frontal stria absent. Mandible short and stout; labrum with setiferous punctures.

Pronotal sides (Fig. 78A) strongly convergent to apices; disk sparsely covered with coarse punctures which are separated by two to five times their diameter and become denser laterally, with fine punctures intermingled. Marginal pronotal stria complete and feebly crenulate.

Marginal epipleural stria complete, strongly carinate, and feebly sinuate on apical half. Marginal elytral stria deeply impressed and complete. Epipleura densely covered with coarse punctures which become sparser and finer on the inner half. Disk of elytra densely covered with coarse punctures on apical half, which are separated by about their diameter and often united with each other to form rugae on the apical third; on basal half, interstices among dorsal striae sparsely covered with moderate or fine punctures, which are irregularly separated by their own diameter to five times the diameter; extreme apical band impunctate. Subhumeral stria absent, but sometimes present on median third. Oblique humeral stria indistinctly present on basal third. First dorsal stria nearly complete and deeply impressed, but its apical third obsolete. Second and 5th dorsal striae present on basal two-thirds, sometimes nearly complete. Third and 4th dorsal striae present on basal half. These dorsal striae strongly impressed and crenate basally and progressively obsolete apically. Sutural stria present on basal two-thirds but its basal third indistinctly impressed, and its median third crenated.

Propygidium short, with two or three transverse rows consisting of coarse punctures along posterior margin. Pygidium densely covered with coarse and ocelloid punctures which are separated by their own diameter to half the diameter.

Anterior margin of prosternal lobe (Fig. 78B) round and shortly marginate on median portion; sides marginate completely; disk of lobe densely and coarsely punctate. Prosternal process somewhat sparsely punctate. Carinal striae complete, strongly carinate and not united with posterior terminal ends. Descending lateral stria complete and carinate.

Anterior margin of mesosternum deeply emarginate in median portion. Mesosternum short, sparsely covered with coarse punctures, which are separated by about their diameter, and strongly marginate laterally. Meso-metasternal suture indistinctly impressed and complete, and distantly with a strongly crenated stria on mesosternum. Intercoxal disk of metasternum even, and sparsely and finely punctate, the punctures coarse along lateral metasternal stria and along posterior margin. Lateral disk of metasternum densely covered with large and shallow punctures. Mesocoxal stria complete along mesocoxa. Lateral metasternal stria carinate and extending posteriorly and obliquely, its apical end reaching about half to apical third of metasternal-metepisternal suture.

Intercoxal disk of 1st abdominal sternum completely striate on each side, and sparsely and coarsely punctate laterally.

Protibia (Fig. 78E, D) dilated, with 10 denticles on outer margin.

Male genitalia as shown in Fig. 79.

Remarks. Dendrophilus xavieri superficially resembles Gnathoncus spp.; however, it can easily be distinguished by the presence of the prosternal lobe. This species is well characterized among the Japanese histerids.

Dendrophilus xavieri occurs in many kinds of rotting organic matter, such as compost piles, hen and pig manure, carrion, etc., and also found in nests of ants and birds. Hinton (1945) also recorded the species on pumice in warehouse and in rotting grain in the basement of a flour-mill. Hisamatsu (1985) recorded it from a nest of rats.

Table 23. Biometric data of Dendrophilus xavieri Marseul.

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APW 0.75-0.92 (0.83± 0.01) 20

PPW 1.54-1.80 (1.66± 0.02) 20

PL 0.75-0.92 (0.83± 0.01) 20

EL 1.80-2.09 (1.95± 0.02) 20

EW 1.93-2.26 (2.09± 0.02) 20

ProW 1.05-1.24 (1.14± 0.01) 20

ProL 0.16-0.23 (0.20±0.005) 20

PyL 0.72-0.92 (0.83± 0.01) 20

PTL 0.62-0.75 (0.70± 0.01) 20

MSTL 0.65-0.85 (0.77± 0.01) 20

MTTL 0.82-0.98 (0.90± 0.01) 20

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KOREA:

Material examined. (Ohara and Paik, 1998).

Gyeonggi-do: Jinsen (= Incheon), 2/iv/1923 (1 male [NSMT-I-C-23234], Yuuki)

JAPAN:

Specimens examined (Ohara, 1994).

[Hokkaidô] 1 ex., Teshio, 18/vii/1969, no collector's name; 11 exs., Otaru, iv/1985, Y. Kusui leg.; 1 ex., Tokiwa, Sapporo, 10/vii/1985, M. Ôhara leg.

[Honshû] <Miyagi-ken> 1 ex., Oshiro-yama, Sendai, 27/iv/1953, K. Nagayama leg. <Yamagata-ken> 1 ex., Yubama-onsen, 26/vii/1951, K. Nagayama leg. (NSMT). <Tôkyô-to> 3 exs., Setagaya, 18/ix/1949, Ôhira leg. (NA). <Kanagawa-ken> 1 ex., Hatano, 7/viii/1972, H. Takizawa leg.; 1 ex., Yokohama, 1/vi/1941, K. Satô leg. (NSMT). <Nagano-ken> 1 ex., Kiso-Koma-kôgen, 13/vi/1993, K. Tazoe leg. (Tazoe coll.). <Wakayama-ken> 1 ex., Igumbashi, Kinokawa, 7/xi/1953, K. K. leg. (NA). <Hyôgo-ken> 1 ex., Goten-yama, Takarazuka, 25/ix/1948, M. Gotô leg. (NA). <Okayama-ken> 1 ex., Saeki, 22/vi/1949, K. Kurosa leg.(NA).

[Shikoku] <Kagawa-ken> 2 exs., Toyonaka-chô, Sampô-gun, 4/v/1980, S. Ohmomo leg. (NSMT).

[Kyûshû] <Fukuoka-ken> 1 ex., Mt. Adachi, 5/iii/1963, S. Nakao leg. (NA). <Nagasaki-ken> 1 ex., Shimabara, 18-19/iv/1952, K. Oyama leg. (NA); 22 exs., Kônoura, Hirado-shi, 16/ix/1979, A. Oda leg. <Miyazaki-ken> 2 exs., Miyazaki, 13/x/?, no collector's name. <Kagoshima-ken> 1 ex., Kurino, Kirishima, 23/vi/1985, H. Daidô leg.; 1 ex., Takachiho-gawara, Kirishima, 11/iii/1980, T. Kinoda leg.

Specimens examined (Ohara, 1999) [additional records].

[Honshu] Tokyo-to: Ogikubo (1 ex., 10/vi/1970, IMA), M. Ishida.

Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Izu Isles); Taiwan; eastern Siberia; introduced to England and North America (British Colombia, Washington, Oregon).

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