Paromalus pumilio Erichson, 1834: 169 [Spain, Egypt, North America]; Wollaston, 1854: 213; Redtenbacher, 1858: 313.
Dendrophilus quattuordecimstriatus Stephens, 1835: 412, synonymized by Gemminger and Harold, 1868: 777.
Paromalus quattuordecimstrataus: Horn, 1873: 308.
Dendrophilus pumilio: Dejean, 1837: 143.
Hister nanus J. E. LeConte, 1845: 61, synonymized by Gemminger and Harold, 1868: 777.
Dendrophilus nanus Dejean, 1837: 143 [nom. nud.].
Phelister nanus: Marseul, 1857: 476.
Carcinops quattuordecimstriatus: Wollaston, 1864: 166; Kolbe, 1909: 21; Scott, 1913: 225; Bickhardt, 1917: 114; Hinton, 1945: 334.
Carcinops quatuordecimstriatus: Ganglbauer, 1899: 374; Reitter, 1909: 287; Jakobson, 1911: 647; Auzat, 1916-25: 106; Horion, 1949: 347.
Epierus krujanensis Mader, 1921: 181, synonymized by Mader, 1927: 193.
Carcinops pumilio: Marseul, 1855: 91; 1873: 221 [Japan, Nangasaki]; Seidlitz, 1891: 216; Kolbe, 1910: 21; Kuhnt, 1913: 371; Rapp, 1933: 590; Wenzel, 1955: 608, 617; Witzgall, 1971: 177; Kryzhanovskij and Reichardt, 1976: 264; Hisamatsu, 1985: 224, pl. 40, no. 24.
Carcinus pumilio Acloque, 1896: 251.
Japanese name: Kuro-chibi-emma-mushi.
Carcinops (Carcinops) pumilio: Ôhara, 1994, 167.
Paromalus pumilio Erichson, 1834, 169.
Carcinops pumilio: ESK & KSAE, 1994, 136 [Korea]; Takahashi & Romero, 2001: 94, 95 [natural enemy for stored-product insects].
Carcinops (Carcinops) pumilio: Ohara, 1994, 167.
Diese Art scheint sehr weit verbreitet, doch nirgends fäufig zu sein; ich habe ein Exemplar aus Spanien, eins aus Nordamerika und eins aus Aegypten von mir; letzteres fand Ehrenberg im Menschenkoth.
Er hat viele Aehnlichkeit mit der folgenden Art, ist aber etwas
länglicher. Der Kopf ist fein punktirt. Die Fühler sind
braunroth, mit schwärzlichem Stiel und rostrothem Knopf.
Das Halsschild ist flach gewölbt, nach vorn verengt, an den
Seiten kaum gerundet, sehr fein und dicht punktulirt, und darüber
besonders nach den Seiten zu mit etwas gröberen Punkten besäet.
Die Flügeldecken sind flach gewölbt; die Rückenstreifen
sind grob, durch eingedrückte Punkte gekerbt, alle ganz;
der Nathstreif ist neben dem Schildchen, wo er sich mit dem zweiten
Streif verbindet, etwas undeutlich, und nur durch Punkte angedeutet;
der Randstreif hängt mit dem Schulterstreif zusammen. Das
vorletzte obere Hinterleibssegment ist ziemlich stark und dicht
punktirt, das letzte sehr fein und dicht punktulirt. Die Beine
sind braunroth."
Head with marginal stria well developed on occiput and on sides and more or less truncate and much less deeply impressed at anterior margin, rarely with transverse anterior section of stria absent or scarcely visible; stria occasionally interrupted at postero-lateral angles. Surface with two sizes of punctures as follows: (1) large round punctures about a third again as coarse as facet of eyes and separated by their own diameter to five time or more the diameter; and (2) punctures about one-half as coarse which are much more regularly distributed, being separated usually by two or three diameters; surface between punctures on middle of front, anteriorly and on a narrow belt near occipital stria with a very fine transverse to partly reticulate alutaceous microsculpture; surface elsewhere smooth between punctures.
Pronotum with sides slightly more strongly arcuate anteriorly. Apex with marginal line usually complete but occasionally very indistinct or even absent on middle half; side with marginal line broad, well impressed, and complete from apex to base; base with marginal line very fine and complete but usually completely concealed by base of elytra. Surface with a deep oval or nearly round puncture immediately in front of scutellum, this puncture being about half as large as scutellum; disk with punctures which are very slightly coarser than fine ones of head and are usually separated by three to five diameters; lateral third of pronotum with fine punctures similar to those of disk and also with puncture which are slightly coarser than coarse ones of head and are usually separated by two to five or even more diameters; coarse punctures often absent in a large oval area which is adjacent to lateral margin and half way between base and apex; surface between pronotal punctures smooth.
Elytra with striae and strial punctures as shown in fig. 52 (in this paper, Fig. 80A); second (= 5th dorsal) to seventh (external subhumeral) striae extending from near base to near apex; first or sutural stria often absent on basal fourth or fifth and sometimes very feebly impressed elsewhere or only indicated by a row of large punctures; oblique humeral stria fine but long and distinct and posteriorly usually joining seventh stria. Intervals flat and with only fine punctures like middle of pronotal disk; apical non-striate belt of elytra with coarse and fine punctures intermixed as on lateral third of pronotum; coarse and fine punctures sometimes present on apical half of first and second intervals and, more rarely, also on apical half or third and fourth intervals; intervals with surface between punctures smooth.
Propygidium nearly as long as pygidium and, except for a narrow and finely punctate band as well as apical belt, with both fine and coarse punctures, the coarse punctures usually being slightly but distinctly larger than those of apex of elytra and separated by less than their own diameter to twice the diameter. Pygidium finely punctate throughout and basally with numerous, or only a few, coarse punctures which, however, are apparently never as coarse as those of propygidium.
Prosternum with caudal margin of process broadly rounded and received into a broad arcuate emargination of anterior margin of mesosternum; median (= carinal) striae nearly parallel but slightly more approximate opposite anterior third of front coxa and joined together in a broad curve before apex of process.
Mesosternal disk completely and thickly margined laterally and anteriorly; disk with coarse and fine punctures like sides of pronotum. Metasternum with inner lateral striae extending caudally and outwards to basal fifth; outer metasternal stria extending from middle coxal cavity feebly diverges laterally from inner stria and does not extend quite as far posteriorly as the latter; disk punctate like pronotum, i.e. with only fine punctures on middle and with both fine and coarse punctures on sides. Abdomen with lateral striae of first sternite nearly parallel but with inner one coarse and extending from near base of anterior process to very near caudal margin, whereas the outer one commences near the inner hind part of the coxal cavity and does not extend quite as near to the caudal margin of the segment.
Female: Externally similar to male."
Additional description (Ohara, 1994).
Body length, PPL, 1.98 - 2.57 mm (2.39 ± 0.03, n=20), PEL, 1.76 - 2.40 mm (2.19 ± 0.03, n=20). Width, 1.30 - 1.74 mm (1.60 ± 0.02, n=20). Biometric data are given in Table 28. Marginal elytral stria well impressed and complete. Marginal epipleural stria complete. Epipleura with another stria between marginal elytral and epipleural striae, which is strongly crenate with coarse punctures and complete. In Japanese specimens, the apical non-striate belt of elytra only with fine punctures, not covered with coarse ones. Apical half of 1st and 2nd intervals of dorsal striae and apical third of 3rd to 5th ones usually covered with coarse and fine punctures. Prosternal lobe densely and coarsely punctate, the punctures becoming sparser mediobasally. Laterobasal angles of the lobe deeply margined, and lateral third of basal margin or suture between keel and lobe strongly and deeply with a longitudinal impression, which extends obliquely and posteriorly on prosternum. Protibia (Fig. 91E) with 2 large denticles on apical half and 3 or 4 small ones on basal half of outer margin, the interval between large ones being wide about one-third as long as protibia.
Male genitalia as shown in Fig. 92.
Table 28. Biometric data of Carcinops pumilio (Erichson).
| APW | 0.54-0.74 (0.68±0.01) 20 |
| PPW | 1.15-1.49 (1.39±0.02) 20 |
| PL | 0.56-0.78 (0.73±0.01) 20 |
| EL | 1.18-1.49 (1.39±0.02) 20 |
| EW | 1.30-1.74 (1.60±0.02) 20 |
| ProW | 0.78-0.96 (0.85±0.01) 20 |
| ProL | 0.27-0.42 (0.36±0.01) 20 |
| PyL | 0.34-0.49 (0.44±0.01) 20 |
| PTL | 0.51-0.69 (0.58±0.01) 19 |
| MSTL | 0.54-0.69 (0.59±0.01) 19 |
| MTTL | 0.51-0.74 (0.68±0.01) 20 |
The species occurs on various decaying organic matters, such as compost piles, cow, pig and hen manure, donkey and human excrement, carrion, under bark, etc. Hinton (1945) summed up the habitats of this species and also recorded in waste grain in the store house. Takahashi and Romero (2001) found also from Stored house.
Jones (1929) noted that this species is an intermediate host of Hymenolepis carioca.
Korea: Pyeonganbug-do: Taiyudong, 1925 (1 ex. [EHU],
E. Gallois).
Specimens examined (Ohara, 1994).
[Hokkaidô] 1 ex., Kun-neppu, 16/ix/1989, H. Torikura leg.; 4ÅäÅä, Bibi, 28/vi/1987, M. Ôhara leg.; 1 ex., Naganuma, 4/viii/1989, A. Iwasaki leg.; 2 exs., Hitsuji-gaoka, Sapporo, 20/vii/1985, M. Ôhara leg.; 1 ex., Sapporo, 27/vii/1985, M. Suwa leg.; 1 ex., Ditto, 2/vii/1987, S. Kondo leg.; 1 ex., Hakken-zan, Sapporo, 13/vii/1985, M. Ôhara leg.; 16ÅäÅä, Jôzankei, 27, 30/viii, 1/x/1985, 1986, M. Ôhara leg.; 6 exs., Misumai, Sapporo, 14/vii/1986, M. Ôhara leg.; 1 ex., Nakagoya, Ishikari-Tôbetsu, 8/vii/1990, S. Shiyake leg.; 1Åä, 2 exs., Zenibako, 30/viii/1985, M. Ôhara leg.; 1 ex., Ditto, 19/vi/1979, N. Nishikawa leg.
[Honshû] <Ibaraki-ken> 1 ex., Tsukuba-Gakuentoshi, 3/v/1979, M. Ôhara leg. <Tôkyô-to> 1 ex., Mt. Jimba, 16/vi/1967, H. Takizawa leg.; 1 ex., Kinuta, 28/vi/1964, Y. Kurosawa leg. (NSMT); 3 exs., Tôkyô, 24/v/1971, no collector's name (NSMT); 1 ex., Kunitachi, 3/vii/1958, S. Nomura leg. (NSMT). <Kanagawa-ken> 1 ex., Fudakake, Tanzawa, 15/vii, 1971, M. Ishida leg.; 31 exs., Hatano, 5/vi/1971, 7/viii/1972, 22/vi/1974, 16/ix/1976, 28/v/1977, 24/vi/1984, 7/vii/1985, H. Takizawa leg.; 2 exs., Izu, Daruma-yama, 25/vii/1966, M. Ishida leg. <Gumma-ken> 1 ex., Ôsawa, 15/vi/1963, S. Kondo leg. <Nagano-ken> 1 ex., Shimashima, Shinano, 29/vii/1948, S. Ôsawa leg. <Niigata-ken> 2 exs., Senami, northern Echigo, 14/ix/1986, K. Baba leg.; 1 ex., Kurokawa, Echigo, 10/viii/1958, K. Baba leg.; 1 ex., Mizutanizawa, Mt. Minô-ji, northern Echigo, 7/vi/1958, K. Baba leg. <Aichi-ken> 2 exs., Shikatsu-mura, Owari, 25/x/1945, 27/iv/1946, S. Ôsawa leg. (NA); 1 ex., Meito-ku, Nagoya, 13/ix/1986, T. Tanabe leg.; 1 ex., Higashiyama, Nagoya, Owari, 13/v/1949, T. Nakane leg. (NA); 1 ex., Nagoya, 13/vi/1947, S. Ôsawa leg. (NA); 1 ex., Ditto, 30/ix/1945, T. Nakane leg. (NA); 4 exs., Ditto, viii/1950, no collector's name. <Gifu-ken> 1 ex., Minô-shi, 19/v/1979, Y. Takai leg. <Ôsaka-fu> 2 exs., Nishinari, 12/vi/1949, 17/v/1951, K. Sawada leg. (NA). <Nara-ken> 1 ex., Kasuga, 22-23/ix/1968, S. Kondo & T. Okutani leg. <Fukui-ken> 1 ex., Inumi, Ôi, 9/v/1987, T. Itô leg. <Shiga-ken> 1 ex., Ômi-hachiman, 15/x/1990, S. Shiyake leg. <Tottori-ken> 15 exs., Daisen, 12/x/1987, M. Ôhara leg.
[Shikoku] <Kagawa-ken> 1 ex., Toyonaka-chô, Sampô-gun, 4/v/1980, S. Ohmomo leg. (NSMT).
[Kyûshû] <Fukuoka-ken> 1 ex., Hakozaki, 3/vii/1946, Y. Kurosawa leg. (NA); 1 ex., Mt. Adachi, 31/v/1969, S. Nakao leg. (NA). <Kumamoto-ken> 60 exs., Yokoshima-chô, Tamana-shi, 9/vi/1986, E. Matsui leg.; 3 exs., Ue-mura, Kuma-gun, 6/vi/1986, E. Matsui leg. <Miyazaki-ken> 1 ex., Takachiho-no-mine, 9/vii/1984, S. Masuda leg.; 99 exs., Ditto, 19, 27/vii/1983, 10/vii/1984, M. Ôhara leg.; 6 exs., Ebino-kôgen, 29/iv/1986, E. Matsui leg. <Kagoshima-ken> 3 exs., Toso, Kagoshima-shi, 7/iv/1984, M. Ôhara leg.; 1 ex., Kôrimoto, Kagoshima-shi, 16/vi/1981, Y. Takai leg.; 4 exs., Chôjô-bokujô, Kushikino, 20/v/1984, M. Ôhara leg.; 51 exs., Iriki-bokujô, 17/iii/1985, K. Tomiyama leg.; 1 ex., Kirishima, 29/vii/1971, T. Nakane leg. (NA); 15 exs., Kaimon, Satsuma, 1/vi/1983, K. Tomiyama leg. (NA); 14 exs., Kamijô-kôgen, Kihoku-chô, 26/v/1985, Y. Harada leg.; 1 ex., Chôsa, 22/v/1984, M. Ôhara leg.
[Nansei Isles.] <Okinawa-Hontô Is.> 1 ex., Nago sea park, 22/iii/1983, T. & T. Nakane leg. (NA). <Iô-tori-shima Is.> 5 exs., 128°15', 27°50', 13/vii/1991, Y. Kusui leg.
[Ogasawara Isles.] <Haha-jima Is.> 1 ex., Kitamura, vii-ix/1976, Y. Yoshida leg. (NA).
Specimens examined [additional records]. (Ohara, 1999a).
[Honshu] Aomori-ken: Mt. Yasuteyama, Hiraka-machi (6 exs., 1/viii/1973; 1 ex., 26/v; 2 exs., 9/xi/1974; APM), S. Sato; Ôminato, Mutsu-shi (1 ex., 13/viii/1979, APM), A. Satoh; Oirasegawa, Fukaura-machi (1 ex., 13/vi/1975, APM), K. Shimoyama. Kanagawa-ken: Tsukui, Yokosuka (1 ex., 13/vii/1997, YCM), I. Kawashima. Gifu-ken: Kochô-jima, Asahi (1 ex., 2021/viii/1990), Y. Takai (Takai, 1995). Osaka-fu: Osaka Univ., Nakanoshima, Osaka (1 ex., x/1941, picked up in the room of anatomical training, Faculty of Medicine), K. Kurosa. Wakayama-ken: Iike-yama, Kozagawa-chô, Higashi-muro-gun (2 exs., 31/v/1995), M. Yoshida.
[Shikoku] Tokushima-ken: Takashiro-yama, Naka-gun (2 exs., 1214/vii/1996), T. Itoh.
[Kyushu] Kagoshima-ken: Kamiarata, Kagoshima City (1 ex., 17/viii/1985), Y. Takai.
[Nansei Isles] Ishigaki-jima: Yonehara (1 ex., 2/v/1973), K. Kurosa; Kabira (1 ex., 8/v/1977, YCM), N. Ohba. Iriomote-jima: Uehara, (1 ex., 16/ix/1993), M. Ohara.
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