Hister pirithous Marseul, 1873, 224.
Hister pirithous Marseul, 1873, 224 [Japan: Hiogo (Honshu) et Nangasaki (Kyushu)].
Hister (Atholus) pirithous: Bickhardt, 1910, 54 [catalogued]; 1913, 173; 1917, 194 [catalogued]; Desbordes, 1919, 400 [Tonkin]; 1921, 10; Kamiya & Takagi, 1938, 31 [listed]; Ôsawa & Nakane, 1951, 7.
Atholus pirithous: Lewis, 1906, 402; Lewis, 1915, 55 [Formosa]; Nakane, 1981, 10; Mazur, 1984, 215 [catalogued].
Atholus (Euatholus) pirithous: Kryzhanovskij & Reichardt, 1976, 390; Hisamatsu & Kusui, 1984, 23; Hisamatsu, 1985, 223, pl. 41, fig. 19 [key; noted; photo].
Hister reitteri Bickhardt, 1918, 231 [Japan] by Reichardt, 1930, 48; Kamiya & Takagi, 1938, 31 [listed].
Hister pirithous ab. reitteri: Reichardt, 1930, 48.
Atholus pirithous: Ôhara, 1993, 141; 1994, 138.
Hister (Atholus) pirithous: Bickhardt, 1913, 173 [Taihorin, Hoozan]; Miwa, 1931, 58 [Taihorin, Hoozan]; Kamiya and Takagi, 1938, 31.
Atholus pirithous: Lewis, 1915, 55 [Shinten]; Ohara, 1993, 141; 1994, 138; 1999, 36.
Atholus (Euatholus) pirithous: ESK & KSAE, 1994, 137 [Korea]
Ohara (1993)
Description. Male and female. Body length, PPL: male, 3.47 - 4.33 mm, female, 3.57 - 4.76 mm, PEL: male, 2.86 - 3.47 mm, female, 2.83 - 3.95 mm. Width: male, 2.52 - 3.24 mm, female, 2.52 - 3.45 mm. Biometric data are shown in Table 5. Body oval, feebly depressed, black and shining; apical narrow band of elytra, tibiae, tarsi, antennae and mouth parts dark brown.
Frontal stria of head (Fig 13 A) complete, coarsely crenate and deeply impressed. Disk sparsely clothed with fine punctures which are separated from one another by two to three times their diameter, and wholly with coriaceous ground sculpture. Labrum transversely oblong.
Pronotal sides (Fig 13 B) arcuate and strongly convergent anteriorly. Apical angles acute. Marginal pronotal stria laterally complete and broadly interrupted behind head. Lateral pronotal stria deeply impressed, crenate, and complete, the lateral portion rather distant from the margin and its basal end not reaching the posterior margin. Disk of pronotum evenly covered with fine punctures which are separated by two to five times their diameter, and wholly clothed with coriaceous ground sculpture; the narrow posterior band represented by large and round punctures. Area within the antero-lateral angles of pronotal stria slightly excavated. Ante-scutellar area with a short longitudinal puncture.
Epipleural fossette of elytra with alutaceous ground sculpture, and densely covered with coarse punctures on apical half. Marginal epipleural stria present on apical half, but the apical portion is often shortened. Elytral marginal stria complete and carinate. External subhumeral stria (Fig 13 B) present on middle, a half as long as elytron. Internal subhumeral stria sinuate and impressed on apical half. Oblique humeral stria lightly impressed on basal third. First to 4th dorsal striae complete, and densely and coarsely crenate. Fifth dorsal stria present on apical third to a half. Sutural stria abbreviated on basal third to a half. Disk evenly clothed with fine punctures which are separated by about three times their diameter, the punctures finer and sparser medio-basally.
Pygidia with alutaceous ground sculpture. Propygidium (Fig 9 E) irregularly covered with large, round and shallow punctures, which are separated by a half to one their diameter; interspace among the large punctures densely covered with moderate punctures which are separated by their diameter. Pygidium (Fig 9 J) coarsely punctate, the punctures similar to the large punctures of propygidium and present on basal third; other fine punctures occurring over and dense, which are separated by about one to two times their diameter.
Anterior margin of prosternal lobe (Fig. 13 C) round, its marginal stria complete, deeply impressed and crenate, the anterior portion running along anterior margin of lobe; disk evenly covered with fine punctures which are separated by about twice their diameter. Prosternal keel narrow and without carinal striae; disk of keel irregularly clothed with fine punctures which are separated by two to five times their diameter, the punctures becoming sparser and coarser laterally; the basal half of disk even on top in a triangle. Descending lateral stria deeply impressed and complete.
Anterior margin of mesosternum (Fig. 13 D) smoothly, slightly and outwardly arcuate; marginal stria clearly impressed, crenate and complete; a short stria present behind antero-lateral angle on each side. Disk of mesosternum sparsely and finely punctulate, the punctures separated by three to six times their diameter. Meso-metasternal suture clearly and lightly impressed, and obtusely angulate at middle. Lateral metasternal stria deeply impressed and carinate, extending obliquely and posteriorly, the basal portion running along meso-metasternal suture and coarsely crenate, the apical end united with the oblique stria which inwardly extends from the middle of metasterno-metepisternal suture. Intercoxal disk of metasternum sparsely and finely punctate, the punctures separated by about five times their diameter and becoming coarser laterally. Inside of lateral stria with deep and coarse punctures forming a row. Post-mesocoxal stria running along the posterior margin of coxa, and becoming further from the margin laterally, the outer lateral end attaining to middle of metasterno-mesepimeral suture. Lateral disk of metasternum densely covered with large, round, shallow and setiferous punctures; half of the punctures becoming finer apically, but the rest still keep their size; area along the lateral metasternal stria sparsely and finely punctate.
Intercoxal disk of 1st abdominal sternum (Fig. 13 D) sparsely and finely punctate, the punctures coarser along 1st abdominal stria; the stria completely present on each side of the disk.
Protibia (Fig. 13 E & F) with 6 large denticles on outer margin, three of them being on anterolateral angle, and 3 small denticles on apical margin. Ventral surface of protibia with a row of 5 or 6 small denticles along outer margin. Femoral stria of profemur (Fig. 13 H) nearly complete, shortly abbreviated on basal sixth.
Male genitalia as shown in Fig. 14.
Female genitalia as shown in Fig. 13 G.
Remarks. This species closely resembles Margarinotus (Grammostethus) niponicus in striation, but can be separated from the latter by the body more depressed, the absent of the rudiment of the 5th dorsal stria on basal third of elytron and the external subhumeral stria not complete.
Table 2. Biometric data for Atholus pirithous (Marseul).
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Part measured Male Female
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APW 1.00-1.24 (1.13+0.01) 20 1.05-1.33 (1.20+0.02) 20
PPW 2.28-2.86 (2.54+0.03) 20 2.19-3.02 (2.27+0.04) 20
PL 0.93-1.29 (1.14+0.02) 20 1.00-1.38 (1.21+0.02) 20
EL 1.76-2.14 (1.91+0.02) 20 1.67-2.28 (2.09+0.03) 20
EW 2.52-3.24 (2.88+0.03) 20 2.52-3.45 (3.12+0.05) 20
ProW 1.48-1.90 (1.63+0.02) 20 1.57-2.09 (1.79+0.03) 20
ProL 0.52-0.86 (0.64+0.02) 20 0.55-0.79 (0.70+0.01) 20
PyL 0.69-0.90 (0.81+0.01) 20 0.69-1.00 (0.87+0.02) 20
PTL 0.81-0.95 (0.89+0.01) 20 0.76-1.05 (0.92+0.01) 20
MSTL 0.74-0.95 (0.89+0.01) 20 0.76-1.05 (0.88+0.02) 20
MTTL 1.00-1.24 (1.09+0.02) 20 0.95-1.38 (1.17+0.03) 20
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Specimens examined. 20ÅâÅâ, 20ÅäÅä and 201 exs.
[Hokkaido] 1 ex., Wakkanai, 1-VIII-1974, Y. Kusui leg.; 1 ex., Sakanoshita, Wakkanai, 10-VIII-1974, Y. Kusui leg.; 1 ex., Nakatonbetsu, Kamitonbetsu, 27-VII-1987, K. Haga leg.; 1 ex., Kenebetsu, Nemuro, 2-VIII-1973, T. Kumata leg. (EIHU); 1 ex., Shari, Teppanbetsu, 2-VIII-1989, K. Haga leg.; 2 exs., Shotoshibetsu, Kumanosawa, Rikubetsu, 9-VII-1989, K. Haga leg.; 1 ex., Teshio, 11, 14-VII-1931, K. Igarashi leg. (EIHU); 1 ex., Sôunkyô, 27-VII-1952, H. Ishida leg.; 3 exs., Shimizu, Taisetsu, 28-VII-1985, M. Ôhara leg.; 1Åâ, Kami-shihoro, 7-VII-1990, M. Ohara leg.; 6 exs., Obihiro, 25-VI-1985, M. Ôhara leg.; 3 exs., Ashoro, 7-VII-1990, M. Ohara leg.; 1 ex., Taiki-chô, 26-VI-1988, Y. Ishihama leg.; 1 ex., Kimontou-mura, Taiki, 19-VIII-1990, K. Haga leg.; 1 ex., Sapporo, 9-VII-1985, M. Ôhara leg.; 2 exs., Kitaku, Sapporo, 7-VI-1987, M. Suwa leg.; 1Åâ, Sapporo, 7-VI-1952, K. Homma leg. (EIHU); 5 exs., ditto, 13-V, 30-V, 20-VI-1975, M. Kiuchi leg.; 1 ex., Mt. Teine, Sapporo, 6-VI-1954, K. Homma leg. (EIHU); 1 ex., Maruyama, Sapporo, 23-V-1954, K. Homma leg. (EIHU); 2ÅâÅâ, 1 ex., Toyotaki, Sapporo, 23-VI-1985, M. Ohara leg.; 1 ex., Jôzankei, 14-VII-1986, M. Ôhara leg.; 2ÅâÅâ, 1Åä, 9 exs., Bibi, 8-VI-1986, M. Mori leg.; 1 ex., Bibi, 28-VI-1987, M. Ohara leg.; 1 ex., Hama-atsuma, 3-IX-1987, T. Komatsu leg.; 1 ex., Tomakomai, 8-VI-1986, M. Mori leg.; 2ÅäÅä, 3 exs., Otobe, 15-IX-1985, M. Mori leg.; 1Åä, 8 exs., Iwanai, 9, 10-VII-1990, M. Ohara leg.; 1 ex., Suttu, 27-V-1988, M. Ohara & S. Kudô leg.; 5 exs., Kuromatsunai, 8-VIII-1988, M. Ohara leg.; 2 exs., ditto, 25-VI-1986, M. Mori leg.; 1Åâ, 2 exs., Mt. Kariba, Shimamaki, 28-V, 6, 8-VII-1988, M. Ohara, T. Tanabe & K. Sayama leg.; 1Åä, 5 exs., Toyohama, Shimamaki, 8-VIII-1988, M. Ohara, M. Satô & N. Ishihama leg.; 1 ex., Kaminokuni, Oshima Penins., 25-VI-1974, M. Kiuchi leg.; 1 ex., Hakodate, 18-VII-1954, K. Sawada leg. (NA). <Rishiri Is.> 2 exs., Oshidomari, 2-VI-1974, Y. Kusui leg. <Okushiri Is.> 1Åä, 2 exs., Inaho, 12-VIII-1985, Y. Kusui leg.
[Honshu] <Aomori-ken> 3 exs., Higashidôri, Shiriyazaki, 6-VI-1987, H. Saitô leg.; 1 ex., Towada, 13, 14-VII-1954, S. Takagi leg. (EIHU). <Fukushima-ken> 1 ex., Wakamatsu, 28-VI-1949, T. Yoneyama leg. (NSMT); 1 ex., ditto, 9-IX-1948, Y. Kurosawa leg. (NSMT); 1 ex., Futamatazawa, Yumoto, Iwase, 16-VII-1949, K. Nagayama leg. (NA); 1 ex., Nagurazawa, Asahida, Minami-aizu, 1-VIII-1944, K. Nagayama leg. (NA); 1 ex., Tsurunuma, Arai, Aizu, 26-IV-1947, Y. Kurosawa leg. (NA). <Ibaraki-ken> 1 ex., Mikunibashi, Watarasegawa, 13-IX-1987, K. Haga leg. <Tochigi-ken> 1 ex., Nishinasuno, 30-IX-1975, T. Kumata leg. (EIHU). <Gumma-ken> 1 ex., Gumma, no date, T. Takei leg., Matsumura coll. (EIHU); 1 ex., Gumma, 22-VII-1913, S. Matsumura leg. (EIHU). <Chiba-ken> 1 ex., Futtu, 11-VI-1961, H. Yamazaki leg. (NA). <Tokyo-to> 3 exs., Futatsuyama-bokujô, Okuchichibu, 2-IX-1939, K. Kojima leg. (NA); 1 ex., Tokyo, v/1913, F. Muir leg. (BSM); 1 ex., Koremasa, 16-VII-1967, H. Takizawa leg.; 1Åâ, Ogikubo, 26-V-1963, M. Ishida leg.; 1 ex., Shakujii, 11-III-1943, A. Kira leg. (NA); 1 ex., Komaba, Tokyo, 24-VI-1914, S. Hirayama leg. (EIHU). <Kanagawa-ken> 1 ex., Hatano, 6-V-1972, H. Takizawa leg. <Nagano-ken> 1 ex., Fujimi, 20-VI-1956, S. Nomura leg. (NA); 2 exs., Kita-karuizawa, 21-VII-1938, K. Sakaguchi leg. (NA); 1 ex., Nojiri, 27-VII-1930, T. Iida leg. (NA); 1 ex., Komagatake, Kiso, 4, 5-VIII-1946, S. Ôsawa leg. (NA). <Niigata-ken> 1 ex., Ozeguchi, Ginzan-ko, 27, 29-VII-1972, Y. Kurosawa leg. (NA); 2 exs., Itoigawa, southern Echigo, 9-X-1956, K. Baba leg.; 1Åâ, 1Åä, 2 exs., Kurokawa, 22-VIII-1934, 29-IV-1957, 2-VII-1961, K. Baba leg.; 1 ex., Sasaguchi-hama, 8-V-1957, K. Baba leg. <Aichi-ken> 1Åâ, 2ÅäÅä, Shikatsu-mura, 19-VIII-1945, VI-1948, S. Ôsawa leg. (NA); 2ÅäÅä, Mizuho, Nagoya, 3-VIII-1947, S. Tabuchi leg. (NA); 1 ex., Higashiyama, Nagoya, vi/1948, S. Ôsawa leg. (NA); 1Åâ, Nagoya, 11-VIII-1947, S. Tabuchi leg. (NA). <Mie-ken> 1 ex., Ôsugi Valley, 12-VI-1952, T. Horio leg. (NA). <Shiga-ken> 1 ex., Hieizan, Otsu, 10-X-1989, T. Itô leg. <Kyoto-fu> 1 ex., Mt. Daihi, 15-VI-1941, K. Sakaguchi leg. (NA). <Osaka-fu> 1 ex., Senriyama, 9-X-1949, K. Sawada leg. (NA). <Hyôgo-ken> 1 ex., Motoyamamura, Kôbe, 17-XI-1949, K. Sakaguchi leg. (NA); 1 ex., Harada, Kôbe, 27-XII-1913, no collector's name. (BSM); 5 exs., Mitani-bokujô, Taka, 16-IX-1984, T. Itô leg. <Wakayama-ken> 1 ex., Kii-oshima, 21, 24-V-1964, T. Kumata leg. (EIHU). <Sado Is.> 1 ex., Ogura-tôge, 26-V-1983, K. Baba leg.
[Shikoku] <Tokushima-ken> 2 exs., Nishiyama, 28-VII-1966, N. Hirai leg. (NA); 1 ex., Awa, Besshi à Takeda (Nakamura), 20-VII-1913, E. Gallois leg. (EIHU); 5 exs., Awa, Koyadaira, 31-VII, 3-VIII-1913, E. Gallois leg. (EIHU).
[Kyushu] <Fukuoka-ken> 1 ex., Nakahara-bokujô, 8-X-1950, Y. Miyake leg. (NA); 2 exs., Nakahara, 12-III, 12-V-1952, Y. Miyake leg. (NA); 1 ex., Mt. Adachi, 21-VI-1969, S. Nakao leg. (NA). <Kumamoto-ken> 4 exs., Komezuka, Aso, 7-VI-1981, M. Ôhara leg.; 8 exs., Kumamoto, 18-IV, 14-V, 2-X-1907, H. Kawamura leg. (EIHU); 12 exs., Ue-mura, Kuma-gun, 20-IV-1986, E. Matsui leg. <Oita-ken> 1 ex., Kujû, 6-VI-1981, K. Sakai leg. <Kagoshima-ken> 6 exs., Kurino, Kirishima, 8-V-1983, 3-IX-1990, M. Ôhara leg.; 1Åä, ditto, 11-V-1084, S. Masuda leg.; 1Åä, 5 exs., Toso, Kagoshima City, 20-IV-1984, M. Ôhara leg.; 9ÅâÅâ, 7ÅäÅä, 20 exs., Iriki, 20-V-1984, M. Ohara leg.; 1 ex, Meinô-bokujô, Takakuma, 23-XI-1981, T. Kinoda leg.; 1 ex., Nishi-shibushi, Soo, 11-III-1951, H. Fukuda leg. (NSMT).
[Nansei Isls.] <Yakushima Is.> 1 ex., Nagata, 30-IV-1982, K. Tomiyama leg.; 1 ex., Yakushima, 2-IV-1985, M. Kiuchi leg.
[Taiwan] 2 exs., Nanshanshi, 10-VI-1973, K. Masumoto leg.; 1 ex., Kenting, 10-V-1973, K. Masumoto leg.
Distribution (Fig. 15). Japan (Hokkaido; Honshu; Shikoku; Kyushu; Nansei Isls.); Taiwan; Primorskij Kray; China; Korea; Viet-Nam.
Ohara (1993b)
Specimens examined. x exs., Kushiro Zoo, collected from animal dung; x exs., Shimosetsuri, collected from cow dung; x exs., Shimokucchoro, collected from cow dung.
Korea: Gyeonggi-do: Sojungni (= Seojungri), near Suweon, 24/v/1965
(2 exs.], W. H. Paik). Seoul City: Seoul, 12/v/1919 (1 ex. [EHU, Kono coll.],
E. Gallois).
Specimens examined [additional records]. (Ohara, 1999a)
Japan: [Hokkaido] Rishiri Is.: Morihara-bokujô, Shinminato, Kutsugata (1 ex., 19/vii/1990), M. Satô. Proper: Futatsuyama, Shibecha, Kushiro (2 exs., 3/vii/1993; 1 ex., 1/x/1994; IJ), K. Ijima; Houtoku, Shibecha, Kushiro (1 ex., 15/vi/1996, IJ), K. Ijima; Nakachanbetsu, Shibecha (1 ex., 24/vi/1993, IJ), K. Ijima; Asahi-machi, Kamikawa-shichô (1 ex., 20/vi/1987), A. Kashizaki; Kamishibuyama, Memuro, (2 exs., 12/vii/1994, KIT), K. Ito; Betsutoga, Nemuro, (1 ex., 14/vi/1995, KIT), K. Ito; Onne-shisui-damu, Minami-kitoushi, Asyoro (1 ex., 21/vii/1990), H. Haga; Kitamoshiri (3 exs., 24/vii/1989), M. Ohara; Shinyûbari (1 ex., 11/vi/1992), M. Ohara; Naga-numa, Shika-numa, Atsuma (3 exs., 12/vi/1994, collected from decaying vegitable), M. Ohara; Nopporo (1 ex., 14/ix/1973, HMH), Y. Sakamoto; Jyozankei, Sapporo (1 ex., 2/vii/1994, SA), K. Sasaki; Igarashi, Kuromatsunai (3 exs., 19/vi/1996, SA), K. Sasaki; Kozawa, Kyôwa (1 ex., 3/viii/1996, SA), K. Sasaki; Nishikioka, Tomakomai (1 ex., 12/viii/1995, SA), K. Sasaki.
[Honshu] Aomori-ken: Iizume, Goshogawara-shi (1 ex., 10/viii; 2 exs., 10/ix/1976; APM), A. Abe; Nanatsutaki, Kodomai-mura (1 ex., 18/v/1975, APM), A. Abe; (4 exs., 26/vii/1975, APM), K. Shimoyama.; Mt. Yasuteyama, Hiraka-machi (1 ex., 1/viii/1973; 2 exs., 26/v/1974; APM), A. Satoh; Chikagawa, Mutsu-shi (1 ex., 4/vii/1979; 19 exs., 11/vi/1982; APM), K. Shimoyama & A. Satoh. Gumma-ken: Takasaki City (1 ex., 6/viii/1968), K. Sugiyama. Ibaraki-ken: Toride (1 ex., 2/ix/1971), K. Kurosa. Saitama-ken: Heirin-ji, Niiza City (1 ex., 25/v/1967), K. Sugiyama. Chiba-ken: Gongenmori, Nagara-machi (2 exs., 5/viii/1989, CBM-ZI-42192-42193), S. Naomi. Kanagawa-ken: Nagaura, Yokosuka (1 ex., 26/v/1963, YCM), T. Hamaguchi. Yamanashi-ken: Yamanaka-kohan, Fuji (1 ex., 8/viii/1975, IMA), M. Ishida. Hiroshima-ken: Saijo-chô (2 exs., 10/vi/1991), S. Shiyake.
[Shikoku] Kochi-ken: Ashizuri-misaki, Kôchi (1 ex., 8/viii/1967), K. Sugiyama.
[Kyushu] Kagoshima-ken: Kurino (1 ex., 25/iv/1981), M. Ohara; Ibusuki (1 ex., 30/vii/1967), K. Sugiyama.
Specimens examined (Ohara, 1999b).
Taiwan. [Proper] Taipei Hsien: Taipei City (1 ex., 14/x/1976), M. Kiuchi. Taoyuan Hsien: Palin (7 exs., 26/iii/1986), M. Ohara. Taichung Hsien: Kukuan (1 ex., 4/x/1990), native collector; Lishan (20 exs., 29/iii/1986), M. Ohara; Mei Fon, alt. 2,350 m, near Ho Huan Shan (4 exs., 10/vi/1987), K. Baba. Nantou Hsien: Shiztou, Puli (1 ex., 31/x/1987), K. Lah; Nanshanchi (1 ex., 2/x/1984), S. Osawa; (1 ex., viii/1972; 2 exs., 10/vi/1973), K. Masumoto; Wushe (2 exs., 20/xi/1976), M. Kiuchi; Sungkang, alt. 2,000 m (19 exs., 2/iv; 42 exs., 14/iv/1986), M. Ohara; (1 ex., 20/vi/1983), K. Lah; (1 ex., 28/vii/1990), native collector; Chin chin farm, Sungkang, (1 ex., 22/ix/1987), H. Tanaka; Chitou (5 exs., 5/viii/1977), native collector; Yuhshin-Ran. (4 exs., 22/ix/1987), H. Tanaka; Mufu-zhongxin (20 exs., 27/vii/1983), J.-J. Luo. Kaoshiung Hsien: Liukuei (2 exs., 1/v/1986), M. Ohara; Near Liukuei (2 exs., 20/ii/1989), W. Chen & S. Osawa. Pingtung Hsien: Kenting (1 ex., 4/iv/1976), K. Tazoe; (1 ex., 20/v/1973), K. Masumoto; Kenting Park (1 ex., 11/xi/1976), M. Kiuchi; Sizhongchi (1 ex., 11/v/1986), M. Ohara. Hualien Hsien: Taroko (2 exs., 20/x/1976; 1 ex., 17/xi/1976), M. Kiuchi.
[Lanyu Is.] (2 exs., 3/iv/1987), K. Baba.
Remarks. This species usually occurs in fresh cow dung and decaying
vegetable matter.
Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nansei
Isles); Taiwan(proper, Lanyu Is.); Vietnam; continental China; Korea; Oman;
Nepal; Primorskij and Ussuriyskij Kray.